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      <image:title>The Blog - Episode 009: The 2 View, L.A.S.T. - Make it stand out</image:title>
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      <image:title>The Blog - Episode 4 of “The 2 View” Podcast</image:title>
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    <loc>https://www.theproceduralist.org/blog/the-berman-hour-personal-covid-story</loc>
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      <image:title>The Blog - The Berman Hour: Personal COVID Story</image:title>
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      <image:title>The Blog - The Berman Hour: Personal COVID Story</image:title>
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    <loc>https://www.theproceduralist.org/blog/our-friend-the-sgem</loc>
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    <lastmod>2020-12-21</lastmod>
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    <loc>https://www.theproceduralist.org/the-procedural-pause-emn-archived</loc>
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      <image:title>The Procedural Pause (EMN) Archived</image:title>
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  <url>
    <loc>https://www.theproceduralist.org/the-2view-podcast</loc>
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    <lastmod>2021-02-08</lastmod>
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      <image:title>The 2-View Podcast - The 2-View: EM PA &amp; NP Podcast</image:title>
      <image:caption>The 2-View Podcast for Physician Assistants and Nurse Practitioners is a monthly podcast / video cast with hosts Martha Roberts, NP and Michael Sharma PA. The podcast discusses hot topics in emergency and urgent care settings, advanced practice news, medical literature, procedural tips, upcoming events, continuing education, and much more. Stay tuned for our next episode! You can listen and subscribe to the show using Apple iTunes, YouTube (also hosting the video blog portion of the show), Fireside, and Google Podcasts! Google: bit.ly/2view001-google Apple: bit.ly/2view001-apple Spotify: bit.ly/2view001-spotify</image:caption>
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  <url>
    <loc>https://www.theproceduralist.org/thecases</loc>
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    <lastmod>2025-09-26</lastmod>
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  <url>
    <loc>https://www.theproceduralist.org/thecases/code-paronychia</loc>
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    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2022-12-12</lastmod>
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  <url>
    <loc>https://www.theproceduralist.org/thecases/saline-load-test-the-knee</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2021-01-07</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5fd972c9dfa2d2255fdd89bc/1610051126678-C3QUCOZ0DZ5XGU6R37ER/IMG_2904.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>The Cases - Saline Load Test: The Knee</image:title>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5fd972c9dfa2d2255fdd89bc/1610050621253-9BTJLCI1TQOI2XKBXQIJ/IMG_2897.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>The Cases - Saline Load Test: The Knee - The Case</image:title>
      <image:caption>A 30-year-old male arrives to your fast track for a “knee injury”. He was moving boxes and a metal rod poked him and caused a “gash” to the knee. He had no other trauma. You remove the bandages to reveal a small, but deep laceration to the right medial surface to the knee. It’s bleeding and difficult to explore. When you take a closer look, you are concerned the wound penetrates the joint. You obtain radiographs that shows questionable air in the joint and this leads you to further conclude the joint space may have been traumatically violated. Further investigation may be warranted. You have to decide between getting additional imaging, such as a CT or completing a saline load test to confirm your diagnosis. Note: If there is obvious air on the image, immediate consultation with the orthopedic clinician and OR wash out is then indicated without further testing. A CT may be required to assess for further injuries, depending on mechanism of injury and clinical circumstances.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5fd972c9dfa2d2255fdd89bc/1610051888137-RTGVZXOBL55WD1KSUULP/IMG_2908.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>The Cases - Saline Load Test: The Knee</image:title>
      <image:caption>Image above: right knee, with medial laceration. An example of a positive SLT, as the fluid from the saline injected into the joint space from the opposing side causes fluid to leak out from the violated joint space. Image by: M. Roberts, NP.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
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  <url>
    <loc>https://www.theproceduralist.org/thecases/skingrafts2</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2020-12-17</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5fd972c9dfa2d2255fdd89bc/1608172286285-2OF9CMKOCJBV18JPMZH2/IMG_3552.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>The Cases - Skin Grafts in the ER, Part II: We told you, we got you.</image:title>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5fd972c9dfa2d2255fdd89bc/1608096555625-PU54RJVF6HYPRTOEJVW1/IMG_3564.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>The Cases - Skin Grafts in the ER, Part II: We told you, we got you.</image:title>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5fd972c9dfa2d2255fdd89bc/1608096470104-53W90MKNIRX20SQWZZI3/IMG_3555.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>The Cases - Skin Grafts in the ER, Part II: We told you, we got you.</image:title>
      <image:caption>(LEFT image) Harvest site, left thigh, (RIGHT image) autograft on the left forearm.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.theproceduralist.org/thecases/skingrafts1</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2020-12-17</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5fd972c9dfa2d2255fdd89bc/1608086937774-YE0QOKB0X6QTUZP923RB/IMG_3556.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>The Cases - Skin Grafts in the ER? Part I, in a series of graft care in the ER</image:title>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5fd972c9dfa2d2255fdd89bc/1608086972389-LJ1IFFIN3M99DY88KQPI/IMG_3559.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>The Cases - Skin Grafts in the ER? Part I, in a series of graft care in the ER</image:title>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5fd972c9dfa2d2255fdd89bc/1608088151123-I8PYJJ1F870C2PF93H0P/maxresdefault.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>The Cases - Skin Grafts in the ER? Part I, in a series of graft care in the ER - Skin graft making machines are fascinating devices</image:title>
      <image:caption>Check out our expert opinions on graft care procedures below.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5fd972c9dfa2d2255fdd89bc/1608088255956-KB28KJUJPXTOH3LNYAZ7/s3+V0030000_V0030556ER.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>The Cases - Skin Grafts in the ER? Part I, in a series of graft care in the ER</image:title>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5fd972c9dfa2d2255fdd89bc/1608086695302-K9PXAK2FC1NII12Q0I5T/IMG_3563.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>The Cases - Skin Grafts in the ER? Part I, in a series of graft care in the ER</image:title>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5fd972c9dfa2d2255fdd89bc/1608086705451-F1A64UXGX02V7X9J8S4J/IMG_3564.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>The Cases - Skin Grafts in the ER? Part I, in a series of graft care in the ER</image:title>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.theproceduralist.org/thecases/fishhooks</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2021-01-22</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5fd972c9dfa2d2255fdd89bc/1611349999062-BWYN4COYV3TKM21M6ZUA/IMG_1328.jpeg</image:loc>
      <image:title>The Cases - Fish Hook Horrors</image:title>
      <image:caption>Image: Martha Fishing in the Keys for Barracuda</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5fd972c9dfa2d2255fdd89bc/1611349924429-HGCDQT2DRESOHY5VD7OX/IMG_1608.jpeg</image:loc>
      <image:title>The Cases - Fish Hook Horrors - Solid Procedural Videos, Jim uses a piece of steak to show you how to remove a fish hook, 3 ways!</image:title>
      <image:caption>We have covered this topic on The Procedural Pause recently, and we’d like to direct you to our blog and video there for full review. Please check it out by going to the link on Emergency Medicine News and watch two videos! Keep in mind that fish hooks come in all shapes and sizes. They may also be attached to a fancy lure. Some have single barbs, while others have three or more. They will vary depending on the type of angler you meet.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5fd972c9dfa2d2255fdd89bc/1611351265025-UG6GUM9JS6X9K7NGN98C/10380961_10100660209975785_5447980096509647972_n.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>The Cases - Fish Hook Horrors</image:title>
      <image:caption>Martha and Jim in the Keys after a long day of fishing.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5fd972c9dfa2d2255fdd89bc/1611351214753-YD8I7176WOP7GT0GQLCX/312766_810304835525_810556439_n.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>The Cases - Fish Hook Horrors</image:title>
      <image:caption>NOT FOR AMATEUR ANGLERS!</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5fd972c9dfa2d2255fdd89bc/1611350256996-8SCPRHGNDQPAZJHNI233/fishing-hooks-common-popular-sizes-tailored-tackle.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>The Cases - Fish Hook Horrors - Understanding the hook</image:title>
      <image:caption>Hooks are super sharp and sometimes quite dainty. Keep that in mind when you see one buried in the skin. The barbed pointed end of the hook enters the fish's mouth and snags them. The barb extends backward from the point and allows the hook to anchor in the fish's mouth, allowing you to reel it in. The curved part that leads up to the other end includes the bend and shank. The eye is where the line is attached. The distance between the point and the eye is called the gap, and can vary in length. This could be useful to know if the hook is embedded deeply into the patient's skin because smaller gaps are harder to push through the skin for trimming. Fish hook removal can be tricky, but there are several ways to do it. When in doubt, anesthetizing the area with lidocaine 1% is a good strategy. If it’s in the hand, you don’t always have to do a ring block, local sometimes is just fine. If the hook appears to be deeply lodged in a finger or toe, an x-ray may be indicated. But, maybe not. Antibiotics may be required depending on the bait used (worm, chemical, etc.) and how long the hook has been in the skin. Typically, localized and superficial reactions may be secondary to puncture wounds, are self-limiting, and do not require antibiotics. The treatment is removal of the foreign body with gentle irrigation and cleansing of the entry point. Do not try to irrigate the track of the fish hook with significant force because this will cause ballooning and destruction of the tissue. Mild surface irrigation is sufficient. There are four techniques for removing a fish hook: advance and cut, string yank, needle cover, and retrograde. (Roberts &amp; Hedges, Clinical Procedures in Emergency Medicine and Acute Care, 7th edition. Philadelphia: Elsevier. 2018; Ch. 36, p. 720.)</image:caption>
    </image:image>
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      <image:title>The Cases - Fish Hook Horrors</image:title>
      <image:caption>Image: gently irrigate the area from which the hook was removed, and do not suture closed unless gaping. Antibiotics are not indicated.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.theproceduralist.org/thecases/cast-cutter</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2021-02-08</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5fd972c9dfa2d2255fdd89bc/1612810523407-JI3Z1R6NUW340O5W437P/IMG_6269.jpeg</image:loc>
      <image:title>The Cases - Cast Cutter - The Device and the Situation</image:title>
      <image:caption>So let’s talk briefly about the device itself - the cast cutter is a hand held machine that powers on and is able to get rid of casting material without stripping or damaging the skin beneath it. The machine has a serrated blade, that spins or oscillates at a very high speed without actually doing a full rotation. They have a special kind of motor called a pneumatic motor or an air motor - also known for you trivia junkies as a compressed air engine - that works by expanding compressed air. They convert the compressed air energy to do their job (cut) in a linear or rotary motion. They are found in all kinds of handheld machines such as sanders, dental drills, tire changers and even torpedoes (wooo!) and train engines etc. And for you history buffs, these things have been used since the mid 19th century in cars and the first successful application of the pneumatic motor in transportation was the Mekarski system air engine used in locomotives.  Cool history bro. In general, cast saw cutters though are handheld, portable instruments and these pneumatic powered cast saws are used in the cutting of cast with the use of dedicated plaster or fiberglass blades majorly for removing casts. So, how does a cast cutter work? Well, you plug it in and apply it directly to what you want to cut. The oscillating blade vibrates. It does NOT spin. This is NOT a table saw. It does not cut the same way. It’s not going to cut the arm or leg into bloody pieces. The skin can resist contact without being cut while the casting material is cut. They  also have special blades made out of dicronite, titanium nitride or teflon, which are great for cutting through synthetic materials.  Presently, there are several types of cast cutters which are available, which makes the discouraging task of removing casts with the use of shears a thing of the past. Most are powered electrically, but others are powered by a high-pressure air source. Both the portable and stationary systems are used, and different blades are available for cutting various casting materials. Stainless steel blades are used for plaster in Paris, but do not work well with synthetics. Special blades that produce less friction, such as dicronite, titanium nitride or Teflon, are recommended for synthetic materials.</image:caption>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5fd972c9dfa2d2255fdd89bc/1612810672635-Z7WXGG82B9HOQLLH3W8Z/IMG_6275.jpeg</image:loc>
      <image:title>The Cases - Cast Cutter - Loud, but safe.</image:title>
      <image:caption>There are a ton of companies that make cast cutters, but Stryker and Martin make good ones. Some are louder than others, and certainly can scare the crap out of the patient, so do them a favor and explain to them how it works before you come at them with gloves, a mask and the saw! Don’t underestimate the anxiety or trauma this can cause a patient. You might know how it works - but don’t count on the average joe to know this! In general, cast saws are super safe. Let the patient know that. As we mentioned, the blade oscillates very slightly thousands of times per minute, rather than spinning continuously. Additionally, the blade teeth are very shallow and relatively dull. This results in a device that quickly and effectively removes the cast without cutting the patient.</image:caption>
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      <image:title>The Cases - Cast Cutter</image:title>
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      <image:title>The Cases - Cast Cutter - Time to Proceed</image:title>
      <image:caption>Keep in mind, the cast cutter does not cut through padding or stockinette.  Consider your patient: Pediatric cast saws tend to be quieter and are less menacing - so if you have a separate peds department and special cast saw for them, GO GET IT. Consider the work area you are in: A cast saw handset only may be more portable; they  can get messy and you can’t just be doing this in a triage chair. Unless you plan to explain to everyone how you want to clean it all up. Also, A loud cast saw or vacuum may interrupt others. Maybe warn someone in the room next to your patient that there will be some cutting going  on first. And, blades do wear out. So keep tabs on this device and make sure it goes through compliance checks routinely.  The Science Direct website suggests to us that sawing over bony prominences, should be avoided because skin injuries can potentially occur in these locations. “A long strip of rigid plastic is sometimes used to slip inside the cast to form a barrier between the saw blade and the patient's skin. This is especially useful when removing a cast from an especially anxious patient. If this device is not available, a wooden tongue depressor can be used to protect the skin at either end of the cast”. When  you are sawing, the blade should be FIRMLY pressed against the cast at a 90 degree angle until it can be felt to completely cut through the cast shell. LIFT if out and  repeat the motion as you take off the rest of the cast. This minimizes skin burns or abrasions.  If the cast saw becomes too hot, turn it off until it sufficiently cools. Don't risk burning the patient. The cast should be cut down both sides. BOTH SIDES. Use a cast spreader to then further widen the cut until the two cast shells can be separated and removed. Use Scissors cut off the underlying cast padding and stockinette. This is one of those procedures that you need to pay attention to detail. Watch one, do one and teach one. Consider all our pearls and watch the video to show you more tips and tricks on exactly how to master this must know procedure. Who knew you had to put this much thought into the cast cutter!</image:caption>
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  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.theproceduralist.org/thecases/intramusclar-injections-101</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2021-03-09</lastmod>
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      <image:title>The Cases - Intramusclar Injections: 101</image:title>
      <image:caption>The Moderna vaccine. This vaccine does not need to be reconstituted. It is kept at cold temperatures and must be thawed before drawing up doses. If it is drawn up too early or too cold, the medication can expand and falsify the dose. Be sure to properly thaw the vaccine before administration.</image:caption>
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      <image:title>The Cases - Intramusclar Injections: 101</image:title>
      <image:caption>Photo courtesy of Pinterest</image:caption>
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      <image:title>The Cases - Intramusclar Injections: 101 - You have questions, we have answers.</image:title>
      <image:caption>1.     Where does the vaccine go? The deltoid muscle of the arm. This is the best place to give the vaccine 2.     How to find the right spot? To locate the right site, feel for the bone (acromion process) located at the top of the upper arm. The correct area to give the injection is two to three finger widths below the acromion process. At the bottom of the two-three fingers, will be an upside-down triangle. Give the injection in the center of the triangle. 3.     Do I massage the medication? No absolutely not. Let the medication stay where it is and do not massage it as that may push it into the subcutaneous tissues. 4.     Should I use the z-track method to give it? Yes. This is a great method and allows the skin to close back over the injection site securing the medication deep in the muscle. The best way to achieve the Z track method for vaccinations is to stretch the skin, not pinch it. You can see our video below to show you how to do this precisely. 5.     Do I need a bandaid? For most patients, no Bandaid is needed. If they really want one, you certainly can give it to them, but there if the proper Z-track method is used, then bleeding will be minimal to none. Even patients on blood thinners or aspirin may not bleed. But, it is important to ask them as they might be more prone to form hematomas or bleed post vaccination. 6.     What about a heating pad later? Sure, that’s no big deal, but it should not be scorching hot or involve massage. 7.     Can I give the second shot in the same arm the first shot was given? Absolutely. No big deal, unless the patient has a preference to use the other arm. 8.     One of our fans asked us “what if the patient has no arms?” The answer to this is that you can use the vastus lateralis muscle of the thigh. Let’s hope these patients are few and far between. 9.     What about the needle? Make sure you are using the correct needle for injections. For men and women who weigh &lt;130 lbs (&lt;60 kg), a 22-25g, ⅝-inch needle is sufficient to ensure intramuscular injection in the deltoid muscle if the injection is made at a 90-degree angle and the tissue is not bunched. For men and women who weigh 130-152 lbs (60-70 kg), a 1-inch needle is sufficient. 10. What about multi-dosing draw ups? Drawing up vaccines in advance is debatable and many of them have multi-dose vials. Many of them have a shelf life outside of the fridge. Be familiar with each manufacturers recommendations. Typically, the vaccine is good for 1 hour in the syringe after drawing it up. We suggest if you are running a clinic, draw up 3-5 shots at a time and have them ready to go.</image:caption>
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      <image:title>The Cases - Intramusclar Injections: 101</image:title>
      <image:caption>Photos courtesy of Pinterest</image:caption>
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      <image:title>The Cases - Intramusclar Injections: 101</image:title>
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      <image:title>The Cases - Intramusclar Injections: 101</image:title>
      <image:caption>Give the Shot - Video 2 -       Wash your hands. The CDC suggests 20 seconds of hand washing between patients. But, if you are choosing to use gloves and hand sanitizer, this is an acceptable practice for fast moving clinics. -       Locate the site by locating the acromion process and measure two-three fingers below it over the deltoid muscle of the arm. -       Clean the site with alcohol prep pad and give it a few seconds to dry. -       It is best practice to SIT next to your patient (who is also sitting) while you give them a shot in the arm. -       Have the patient shake out their arm if they seem tense and try not to engage the muscle while you inject the vaccination. -       Stretch out the skin taught, so you can administer the medication in a z-track method. -       Insert the needle at the 90-degree angle. This should be quick, but not like throwing a dart. That scares the patient and could cause them to vagal and syncopize. -       Slowly inject the medication. Each 0.1 mL of fluid should be 1 second of administration. So, a 0.5 mL shot will be 5 seconds. -       Withdraw the needle at the exact same angle as administration quickly and dispose of the needle appropriately. Don’t recap the needle and use a red sharps bin to dispose of the used needle.</image:caption>
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  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.theproceduralist.org/thecases/auricular-blocks-and-hematomas</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2021-12-10</lastmod>
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      <image:title>The Cases - Auricular Blocks and Hematomas - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>Follow the diamond shape for injections</image:caption>
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      <image:title>The Cases - Auricular Blocks and Hematomas - Trauma to the ear? Infection? Hematoma or abscess?</image:title>
      <image:caption>Consider doing an an auricular block.</image:caption>
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      <image:title>The Cases - Auricular Blocks and Hematomas - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>Anatomy of the ear.</image:caption>
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      <image:title>The Cases - Auricular Blocks and Hematomas</image:title>
      <image:caption>Post-procedure</image:caption>
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      <image:title>The Cases - Auricular Blocks and Hematomas</image:title>
      <image:caption>Pre-procedure</image:caption>
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      <image:title>The Cases - Auricular Blocks and Hematomas</image:title>
      <image:caption>Sample hand crafted bolster</image:caption>
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      <image:title>The Cases - Auricular Blocks and Hematomas</image:title>
      <image:caption>Pre-fabricated bolster</image:caption>
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  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.theproceduralist.org/thecases/lower-extremity-wounds-and-flap-closure-techniques</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2025-09-26</lastmod>
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  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.theproceduralist.org/thecases/scalp-laceration-in-elderly-patient-with-staple-closure</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2025-09-26</lastmod>
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